INTRODUCTION
Saliva is a hypotonic fluid in nature. the major salivary glands admire the parotid glands, submandibular glands and sublingual glands secrete close to 90% of secretion. The secretion glands have high permeability and are encircled by abundant capillaries, blood and acini, which may exchange molecules.In my previous blog I posted about coronavirus, structure, sign and symptoms and diagnosis if want to see that please click the below
https://plasubash.blogspot.com/2020/05/coronavirus-overview-about-basic.html
ADVANTAGES OF SALIVARY TESTING FOR DIAGNOSING
- Non-invasive, economical.
- Safer to administer than serum sampling (no needles).
- Real-time diagnostic values.
- No would like for trained medical workers.
- Multiple samples may be obtained simply.
- Collection and screening may be done at home.
- Minimizes the risks of cross-contamination.
- More economical sampling, shipping and storage compared to serum.
- Requires lesser manipulation throughout diagnostic procedures compared to serum.
- Commercial availability of screening assays.
- Saliva doesn't clot and might be manipulated more simply than blood.
STANDARD METHOD FOR DIAGNOSING COVID-19
The standard methodology of COVID-19 detection is reverse transcription enzyme chain reaction (RT-qPCR), typically used to find viral ribonucleic acid from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs or sputum samples.Rapid identification and publication of the virus’ genome sequence have expedited the event of diagnostic ways, still because the race to develop a vaccine.
- CT is also an useful diagnosis of covid-19 some of the feature that seen in CT scan are
- Ground glass appearance
- Crazy paving pattern
- Mass consolidation
DRAWBACK OF CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE OF COVID-19
The collection of those specimen types needs close contact between healthcare staff and patients and poses a risk of transmission of the virus, causes discomfort and will cause bleeding, particularly in patients with condition corresponding to thrombocytopenia.Hence, nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs aren't fascinating for sequential observance of viral load
SALIVA - A SUPPORTER IN COVID-19.
saliva specimen collection has the benefits of being additional acceptable for patients and more secured for healthcare workers for diagnosing of coronavirus.Photo credit: https://www.livescience.com/coronavirus-tests-available.html
FDA AUTHORISES FIRST DIAGNOSTIC TEST USING AT HOME COLLECTION OF SALIVA SAMPLES
- May 8,2020 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized the first diagnostic test with the option of using home-collected saliva samples for COVID-19 testing.
- Saliva samples self-collected by patients at home using the Spectrum Solutions LLC SDNA-1000 Saliva Collection Device.
FDA approved saliva collection device
Photo credit: https://globalhealth.rutgers.edu/news/fda-clears-first-home-saliva-test-for-coronavirus/
RESEARCH ARTICLES THAT PROVES SALIVA AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR COVID-19
- Saliva samples from 75 patients successfully validated saliva as a viable biosample source for COVID-19 detection when compared to nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs by https://www.mpo-mag.com/contents/view_breaking-news/2020-04-03/researchers-discover-that-saliva-can-detect-covid-19/
- 8 Female, 17 Male Mean ± standard deviation: 61.5 ± 11.2 Sample taken from Drooling saliva diagnosed by RT-qPCR results 100% of patients were viral positive https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.005
- 10 Female, 13 male, Median: 62 years (37–75) sample taken from Posterior oropharyngeal saliva and diagnosed by RT-qPCR results in 87% of patients were viral positive. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30196-1/fulltext
- 5 Female, 7 male, Median: 62.5 years (35–75) sample taken from Saliva from throat Diagnosed by RT-qPCR results 91.7% of patients were positive
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7108139/
SALIVA - AN ATTACKER IN COVID-19
Saliva plays a very important role within the transmission of infection between persons by contact with the droplets expressed.Photo credit: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-020-0080-z
PREVENTIVE MEASURE OF COVID-19
Use of personal protecting equipment, such as masks and respirators that may be effective in preventing the transmission mechanism of coronavirus RNA, must be tested in clinically relevant things wherever droplets and aerosols are generated from biofluids (including saliva) throughout medical procedures.CONCLUSION
Saliva offers several advantages as a diagnostic fluid because it is simple to collect, store and contains extremely smart quality desoxyribonucleic acid. Thus, saliva will be a perfect various for blood.REFERENCE
- Xu, R., Cui, B., Duan, X. et al. Saliva: potential diagnostic value and transmission of 2019-nCoV. Int J Oral Sci 12, 11 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-020-0080-z
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7177105/
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320302139
- https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/5/290/htm
- Sri Santosh T, Parmar R, Anand H, et al. (April 17, 2020) A Review of Salivary Diagnostics and Its Potential Implication in Detection of Covid-19. Cureus 12(4): e7708. doi:10.7759/cureus.7708 https://www.cureus.com/articles/30081-a-review-of-salivary-diagnostics-and-its-potential-implication-in-detection-of-covid-19
- https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-first-diagnostic-test-using-home-collection-saliva
- Figure 1 photos taken from
- https://www.the-scientist.com/lab-tools/tools-for-drools-35231/amp
- https://www.livescience.com/coronavirus-tests-available.html
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-020-0080-z
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