COFFEE - FRIEND OF ORAL HEALTH

INTRODUCTION 

Coffee brews are terribly wide consumed within the world due to their pleasant flavor and taste yet as for his or her stimulating impact on the mental and physical activities.

Oral microorganism proliferation is sometimes a consequence of a diet rich in sugars comparable to saccharose and/or of poor oral hygiene and will result in the most typical oral pathologies, comparable to caries, periodontitis and periodontal disease.

If occasional is coffee in restricted amounts it will facilitate in having healthier and whiter teeth yet as enjoying different health edges.

TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFICATION 

• COFFEE 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Gentianales

Family: Rubiaceae

Genus: Coffea

Species: C. arabica

• CHICORY 

Kingdom: Plantae

Order: Asterales

Family: Asteraceae

Tribe: Cichorieae

Genus: Cichorium

Species: C. intybus

WHAT IS CHICORY? 

Chicory root once dried, roasted and ground, is employed for making ready a tasty natural healthy beverage-chicory root tea, a less expensive and far healthier substitute for coffee.

Chicory root tea is completely caffeine-free, thus using ground roasted chicory root rather than coffee beans may be a resolution for people who have personal sensitivity to caffeinated drinks. 

Additionally, consuming this kind of coffee is connected to variety of chicory advantages, that we tend to cannot ordinarily receive from our usual coffee. 

Several occasional producers typically mix upto 30% of chicory with coffee, that cuts down on the caffeine content.

MEDICINAL USES OF CHICORY 

Chicory offers several different health edges comparable to, 

• regulation the amount of sugar in blood
• aids in colon cleansing 
• promoting digestion
• stimulates appetency
• reduces strain on liver by removing additional water and toxins
• nourishes optic nerves
• keeps the amount of LDL cholesterol under control 
• light diuretic (Eliminate excess water accumulated within the body). 

Chicory plant. 

MEDICINAL USES OF COFFEE 

They attributed this Coffee decreases the chance of the many diseases like 

• diabetes
• Parkinson's diseases
• colon cancer and 

plenty of a lot of per some recently revealed studies.

It elevates mood and might treat severe headaches

Epidemiological studies demonstrate that a better intake of occasional is related to 

• lower grade of nonalcoholic  fatty liver disease
• metabolic syndrome
• cancer of the liver
• lower prevalence of 
• oral cancer 
• pharyngeal cancer and 
• esophageal cancer. 

Moreover, coffee consumption was reportable to be reciprocally related to markers of inflammation and endothelial disfunction. 

Coffee Berry 

ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTION 

Streptococcus mutans are the most etiologic agent of cavity, particularly on smooth surfaces.

Tannic acid present in coffee have an opposed microorganism impact to microorganism species comparable to staph aureus, typhoid bacillus, shigella dysenteriae, vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus and Yersinia enterocolitica. 

Scientists at 2 Italian universities conducted laboratory tests that showed that low molecules prevented adhesion of S. mutans on enamel.

Chicory had potent antimicrobial activity against S. mutans.

Tannic acid suppressed glucosyltransferase enzyme of S. mutans strains and similar inhibition was ascertained on S. sanguis strains.

PERIODONTITIS 

Periodontitis may be a chronic oral disease moving all populations everywhere the globe.

Subgingival microorganisms that adhere to and grow within the dentistry pocket, along side excessive and aggressive reaction against these microorganisms, are thought-about to cause disease. 

Higher occasional consumption was related to a significant reduction within the range of teeth with periodontal bone loss in men.

Coffee contains some chemical compounds; the phenolic compounds of coffee 

• chlorogenic acid
• ferulic acid and 
• p-coumaric acid

are best-known to own a powerful protecting antioxidant property. 

A previous study rumored that dihydrocaffeic acid, that is detected in human plasma following occasional uptake, scavenges living thing reactive oxygen species (ROS). 

These findings recommend that the general increase in anti-oxidative property following occasional consumption contributes to a decrease in ROS-induced harm at the native level. 

ROS is concerned within the pathology of periodontal disease

And conjointly we would like to keep in mind that coffee consumption was concerning severe periodontal disease within the maintenance part of periodontal treatment.

ANTI-ADHESIVE ACTION 

Adhesion of S. mutans is taken into account an important step within the initiation and development of tooth decay. 

This impact might most likely be related to the capability to have an effect on the synthesis of extracellular  polysaccharides.

Roasted coffee conjointly has antiadhesive properties.

Tannic acid present in coffee reduced the S. mutans adhesion to hydroxyapatite and conjointly tannic acid suppressed glucosyltransferase enzyme of S. mutans strains and S. sanguis strains.

ANTI-OXIDANT 

coffee features a great amount of antioxidant polyphenols in its roast kind 

• Maximum antioxidant activity was ascertained for the medium-roasted coffee
• The dark coffee had a lower antioxidant activity despite the rise in color.

Addition of milk didn't alter the antioxidant activity.

The antioxidant in present in roasted coffee is called methylpyridinium.

Melanoidins contribute to the sturdy inhibitor properties of occasional and within the development of coffee aroma throughout the coffee roasting method.

antioxidant activity of occasional and confirmed its inhibitor element – chlorogenic acid, conjointly found in fruits, similar to apples.

ORAL AND PHARYNGEAL CANCERS

Oral and pharyngeal cancer are the sixth commonest cancers worldwide with a high morbidity and overall poor for the survivors.

Individuals who consume higher amounts of coffee is 1.45 times not up to for people who consume little quantities of coffee or for non-consumers developing carcinoma. 

Coffee beverages, to boot to caffeine, contains a spread of 

• antioxidant 
• Anti-mutagenic agents together with 
• phenolic derivates such as 
• chlorogenic acid and 
• polyphenol caffeic acid 
• diterpenes such as 
• cafestol and 
• kahweol

 that would act as carcinogenic detoxifying agents on oral and pharyngeal membrane.

Oropharyngeal cancer

Photo credit: www.scientificanimations.com

ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY 

It is additionally been legendary to thwart migraine headaches, the results show that each inexperienced and roasted coffee possess antiradical activity, and their a lot of active part is 5-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid. 

what is more the roasting method induces Maillard reaction product, such as, melanoidins, that additionally possess antiradical activity, in coffee. 

These results may justify the neuroprotective effects found for low consumption in recent epidemiological studies.

SUGAR IS HIDDEN ENEMY. 

People who drink coffee can add sugar or syrup to their low which might cause tooth structure damage.

Women who drank sweetened coffee either over five cups per day had higher risk for tooth loss. 

Sugar contained in low may result in bacterial fermentation which might end in the destruction of the enamel surface. 

Similarly, different studies disclosed that caries risk increased  in cases of low consumption with additives together with sweeteners and creaming agents, whereas coffee consumption while not additives had a caries preventive impact. 

SIDE EFFECTS ON METABOLIC AND PERIODONTAL HEALTH 

Coffee consumption’s effects on some metabolic disorders. 

Many reports showed that coffee consumption was reciprocally correlative with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome even if another study reportable that the consumption of instant coffee with high sugar content may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome.

Coffee/caffeine consumption could result in a malfunction in calcium metabolism, reduction in bone mineral density, and delayed bone repair. 

Caffeine could inhibit the event of osteoblasts by decreasing the expression of cholecarciferol receptors on the surface of osteoblasts, or by inflicting the upstream mediator cyclic AMP to down-regulate osteoblast proliferation.

Long-term intake of coffee could evoke catabolic bone metabolism, decreasing the density of alveolar bone, and eventually resulting in tooth loss.

CONCLUSION 

At last, conclude by saying coffee will be a good friend to dental health like by preventing caries provoking periodontal health at the same time it also taken in correct amount and adding more sugar to the coffee will reduce its anti oxident and anti bacterial property. 

REFERENCE