TURMERIC - A MIRACLE MEDICINE IN COVID 19

Subash L

    INTRODUCTION

    The medicinal properties of turmeric, the supply of curcumin, were recognized for hundreds of years. Turmeric has been used traditionally in Asian cuisines for each its flavour and colour. In Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, it’s been preponderantly used as an anti-inflammatory agent and conjointly for the remedy of jaundice, menstrual difficulties, hematuria, haemorrhage, and colic. curcumin has a healing ability as antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and control of different pharmacological activities.

    Turmeric is constructed from a set of 3 curcuminoids:
    • curcumin (diferuloylmethane)
    • volatile oils
      • turmerone
      • atlantone and
      • zingiberene
    • dimethoxy-curcumin
    • bisdemethoxycurcumin
    • sugars
    • proteins
    • resins.
    Curcuminoids had been accepted by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as “Generally Recognized As Safe” (GRAS), and suitable tolerability and safety profiles.






    ACE2 RECEPTOR

    The SARS-COV2 additionally invades human host cells through focused on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2(ACE2) membrane receptor, an access site for coronavirus. The binding of viral S protein to ACE2 receptor present on mucus membrane mediates the viral and membrane fusion and next viral replication in the host. nasopharynx, lungs and gut facilitate viral access and function ability site of viral invasion.

    Binding of curcumin to receptor-binding domain (RBD) site of viral S protein and additionally to the viral attachment sites of ACE2 receptor, verified that curcumin can act as ability inhibitory agent antagonizing the access of SARS-CoV2 viral protein. thus, topical application of curcumin may also efficiently save you the SARS-CoV2 infection in humans, because the viral access site of the ACE2 receptor is predominantly distributed on the nasal cells, the mucosal floor of the respiration tract and eyes.



    Entry of covid into our body through ACE2 receptor and its effects

    Photo credit: Colin D. Funk, Craig Laferrière, and Ali Ardakani, Wikimedia Commons.

    ANTI-INFLAMMATORY

    Curcumin modulates the inflammatory reaction via way of means of down-regulating the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipoxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes. Inhibits the manufacturing of the inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin (IL) -1, -2, -6, -8, and -12, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP), and migration inhibitory protein; and down-regulates mitogen-activated and kinases.

    Curcumin is a herbal ligand of PPAR-γ, which represses the inflammatory process by decreasing cytokine production, thereby it can play a role in defensive lung injury related to COVID. Curcumin, the chief parts of turmeric suggest a role in the suppression of each acute and persistent infection because it blocks the formation of enzymes which include COX-2 involved in infection. Thus, in the case of covid inflammation is the main culprit which causes breathlessness but curcumin plays an important role in reducing inflammation and thereby preventing the lung.

    IMMUNE BOOSTER

    The immunomodulatory capabilities of curcumin get up from its interaction with numerous immunomodulators, together with now no longer simplest cellular components, consisting of dendritic cells, macrophages, and both B and T lymphocytes. The sign transducers and activators of transcription signalling is a sign transduction pathway immediately concerned withinside the cellular homeostasis and withinside the immune responses, modulating a wide array of cytokines and boom elements concerned in cell proliferation, differentiation, cell migration and apoptosis.

    Nutritional dietary supplements of curcumin with vitamin C and zinc have proven promising outcomes in boosting the herbal immunity and defensive defence towards Covid infections.

    NANOSTRUCTURE IN TURMERIC

    Nanoparticles (NPs) are one class of nanostructures that may be functionalized simply and feature an extensive capability variety of substances and structures. This ought to permit them to be designed for unique viral targets inside and outside the host cell. Thus, components of curcumin in nanoemulsion device proved accelerated solubility and bioavailability and with better antihypertensive effect.


    ANTIOXIDANT

    Curcumin is a powerful scavenger of ROS and reactive nitrogen species and inhibition of managed initiation of styrene oxidation. curcumin, the chief ingredients of turmeric indicate a function withinside the development of the activities of detoxifying enzymes consisting of glutathione-S-transferase (GST).

    Low degrees of antioxidant nutrients in COVID 19 patients, and for this reason advised that techniques geared toward enhancing the levels of this antioxidant can be beneficial in those patients.



    ANTIVIRAL

    The different bioconjugates of curcumin are towards a whole lot of viruses which includes
    • Flock house virus (FHV)
    • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
    • Parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3)
    • Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
    • Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)
    • Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)

    Curcumin inhibits SARS-CoV 3CL protease activity, which's important for viral replication. as a consequence, curcumin antiviral activity towards the enveloped virus with the aid of using a couple of mechanisms which includes direct interplay with viral membrane proteins, disruption of the viral envelope, inhibition of viral proteases, and modulating host factors NF-κB, NRF2 and or HMGB1 pathways.

    IMMUNOMODULATOR

    Curcumin, an active compound of turmeric suggests a pivotal position in the modulation of the immune system. death of critically sick COVID-19 sufferers is related to respiration failure and or multiorgan failure due to ARDS and septic shock. Cytokines, specially IL1β and IL6, have been markedly multiplied in critically sick COVID sufferers admitted to extensive care units in comparison to stable COVID-19 sufferers. The impact of curcumin on T, B cells and macrophages and consequences confirmed that curcumin imparted immunosuppression with the aid of using in particular down-regulating the expression of CD28 and CD80 and up-regulating cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4).

    Curcumin to dam inflammasome activation through Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), and inhibit secretion of mature IL-1β. Curcumin has a long-set up protection record however very rarely diarrhoea, headache, rash, yellow stool and an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase takes place the only overdose of taking more than 12,000 mg per day.



    OTHER RESPIRATORY ILLNESS

    A respiratory disease that includes asthma, bronchitis, and cold coughs hastily growing global due to the non-stop growth of environmental pollutants. Curcumin suggests a valuable role withinside the manipulate of breathing associated complications. curcumin will increase the expression of cathepsins K and L in the lung which an impact on lung fibroblast molecular behaviour.

    CONCLUSION

    Curcumin will be used as a supportive remedy withinside the remedy of COVID19 ailment in any scientific settings to avoid the lethal results of SARS-CoV-2. as a consequence, nicely described randomized research may be taken up with the aid of using researchers to assess the efficacy of turmeric derivatives towards excessive acute respiration syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to overcome this pandemic.

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